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The advice that follows is based on
my
observations after teaching Calculus I, II and III for many
years. It is all very general and applies to most math and
science courses. For this specific course, you should also use
the more specific Resources
for Help on the main web page of the syllabus. You'll probably find that the material in most university courses, including this one, is covered much more quickly than it would be in high school. You'll probably also be asked to have a greater command of the material than before, especially in understanding the ideas (not just the techniques) and applying them in new situations. This may take some adjustments in your style of learning. The instructor
and TA
are
here to help you understand and learn the material, but actually
learning
it is your responsibility. The lectures are designed to try to
highlight
the important ideas and give you some perspective on the material, so
that
you can digest and really learn the material as you think, read the
text,
discuss the material with other students, and practice on problems. You
should expect that more learning will occur outside the classroom than
in it. On the practical side, the average student should expect to
spend at least a couple of hours on calculus for every hour in the
classroom.
If you do this for all your courses, then being a student is easily the
equivalent of a full-time job. Reading a math text requires active involvement and is often a slow process. You might spend a few hours reading an assignment of 100 pages in another subject. A reading assignment of 10 pages of mathematics might take just as much time. Read it over once quickly just for an overview. Then read carefully with scratch paper at hand and fill in missing steps. When the author simply asserts "...this expression simplifies to...", simplify it! When you read "you should check that...", check it! Try to work some of the examples in the text before reading them. Play with the material: ask yourself "what if I changed the problem to...?". Write down questions that come to mind. If you can't answer them, ask your friends. Try to understand why the assertions in the text are true.
E.R., Scheinerman, Mathematics, A Discrete Introduction Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA, 2000, p. xviii-xix. Ideally, you should read ahead. The lectures will be much more valuable if you have tried to digest some of the material ahead of time. Also, you'll be able to judge that some things on the board needn't be written down. For example, you'll know that those formulas the instructor is writing on the board are just the ones listed in the text. That frees you to think about what's being said and not be frantically transcribing material into your notebook. If you choose to ignore the advice about reading ahead, then at least read the material in the text before trying to do the assigned problems. Some students start out with the problems and when they get stuck, they page back through the text looking for a formula or example to help. This puts the focus in the wrong place. Simply being able to "do the problems" represents at best a minimal strategy for the course. You do have to do problems, and you do want to have certain technical skills that the problems sets can help develop, but you also want to understand the material. Carefully reading the text is essential for that. You can't learn to speak French by merely sitting and listening, and you can't learn mathematics by watching someone else do problems. You need to do as many problems as you can realistically find time to do: the more, the better. It's useful to work with other people on homework as long as you're involved as an active partner. Compare solutions; ask each other questions; make up quizzes for each other; agree on some extra problems to try together--such as the review problems at the end of each chapter. Prod each other to do the assignments! Do whatever helps! But all of this is to improve your understanding: your study group isn't there at quizzes, tests, or when you need your math in another course. See the syllabus section Homework Policy and Suggestions. There are facts and formulas you need to have at your fingertips: that is, there are some things you simply need to memorize. But that's only the beginning. Formulas are just tools. Some routine problems, admittedly, are designed merely to be sure you really can handle the tools, but when attacking a non-routine problem, don't just try to hunt around for a formula. To quote an old but accurate text,
Many problems
on
tests
will be "like" problems you've seen before. But some won't
be.
This isn't grounds for complaining that "we never saw a problem like
that
before." If you can only do problems like ones you've
seen
before, what's the point? The purpose of the problems is to
help
you understand the ideas and techniques, not merely to learn how to do
more problems of exactly the same type. Stay on top. Sometimes it's hard to keep up with everything, but it's important not to fall behind in the course. A lot of the material we cover is interdependent, and if you're not comfortable with the material from two days ago, today's lecture might be totally incomprehensible. It's better to be a bit ahead--the lectures will mean more and you've got a buffer when an emergency strikes. Also, there's a limit to how fast you can digest material and learn actually to use it in your thinking. Avoid cramming just before tests by staying on top of things. It makes life much more pleasant. Make use of
available resources
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