Regression with One Covariate

The MEANS Procedure

Variable Label N Mean Std Dev Minimum Maximum
x
y
ACT Test Score
Freshman year GPA
120
120
24.7250000
3.0740500
4.4720655
0.6443383
14.0000000
0.5000000
35.0000000
4.0000000



Regression with One Covariate
A Scatterplot of GPA on ACT test score

                                Plot of y*x.  Symbol used is '*'.                                 
                                                                                                  
   4.0 ˆ                                                      *   *                               
       ‚  *                       *   *           *   *       *   *   *           *               
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   3.5 ˆ                                      *       *                   *               *       
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   0.5 ˆ                                                              *                           
       Šƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒ 
         14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35   
                                                                                                  
                                             ACT Test Score                                       
                                                                                                  
NOTE: 12 obs hidden.                                                                              



Regression with One Covariate
Simple Linear Regression of Freshman GPA on ACT score

The GLM Procedure

Number of Observations Read 120
Number of Observations Used 120



Regression with One Covariate
Simple Linear Regression of Freshman GPA on ACT score

The GLM Procedure
 
Dependent Variable: y Freshman year GPA

Source DF Sum of Squares Mean Square F Value Pr > F
Model 1 3.58784590 3.58784590 9.24 0.0029
Error 118 45.81760780 0.38828481    
Corrected Total 119 49.40545370      

R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE y Mean
0.072620 20.27049 0.623125 3.074050

Source DF Type I SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F
x 1 3.58784590 3.58784590 9.24 0.0029

Source DF Type III SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F
x 1 3.58784590 3.58784590 9.24 0.0029

Parameter Estimate Standard Error t Value Pr > |t|
Intercept 2.114049287 0.32089483 6.59 <.0001
x 0.038827127 0.01277302 3.04 0.0029



Plot of y by x



Regression with One Covariate
Regression Line with Observed Values

The REG Procedure
Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: y Freshman year GPA

Number of Observations Read 120
Number of Observations Used 120

Analysis of Variance
Source DF Sum of
Squares
Mean
Square
F Value Pr > F
Model 1 3.58785 3.58785 9.24 0.0029
Error 118 45.81761 0.38828    
Corrected Total 119 49.40545      

Root MSE 0.62313 R-Square 0.0726
Dependent Mean 3.07405 Adj R-Sq 0.0648
Coeff Var 20.27049    

Parameter Estimates
Variable Label DF Parameter
Estimate
Standard
Error
t Value Pr > |t|
Intercept Intercept 1 2.11405 0.32089 6.59 <.0001
x ACT Test Score 1 0.03883 0.01277 3.04 0.0029



Plot of residuals by obs



Regression with One Covariate
Test for Randomness of Residuals

The AUTOREG Procedure

Dependent Variable residuals



Regression with One Covariate
Test for Randomness of Residuals

The AUTOREG Procedure

Ordinary Least Squares Estimates
SSE 45.7631246 DFE 118
MSE 0.38782 Root MSE 0.62275
SBC 234.438658 AIC 228.863674
MAE 0.47329114 AICC 228.966238
MAPE 98.3082047 Regress R-Square 0.0012
    Total R-Square 0.0012

Durbin-Watson Statistics
Order DW Pr < DW Pr > DW
1 1.8328 0.1555 0.8445
2 1.8264 0.1699 0.8301
3 2.1474 0.8171 0.1829
4 1.9591 0.4854 0.5146

Note: Pr<DW is the p-value for testing positive autocorrelation, and Pr>DW is the p-value for testing negative autocorrelation.


Variable DF Estimate Standard Error t Value Approx
Pr > |t|
Intercept 1 0.0372 0.1144 0.33 0.7456
obs 1 -0.000615 0.001641 -0.37 0.7085



Regression with One Covariate
Autocorrelation Plot

The ARIMA Procedure

Name of Variable = residuals
Mean of Working Series 2.66E-16
Standard Deviation 0.617911
Number of Observations 120

Autocorrelations
Lag Covariance Correlation -1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Std Error
0 0.381813 1.00000 |                    |********************| 0
1 0.028159 0.07375 |                .   |*  .                | 0.091287
2 0.019884 0.05208 |                .   |*  .                | 0.091782
3 -0.044838 -.11744 |                . **|   .                | 0.092028
4 -0.011007 -.02883 |                .  *|   .                | 0.093269
5 0.0054837 0.01436 |                .   |   .                | 0.093343
6 -0.040137 -.10512 |                . **|   .                | 0.093361
7 -0.0084828 -.02222 |                .   |   .                | 0.094343
8 -0.063598 -.16657 |                .***|   .                | 0.094386
9 0.0066450 0.01740 |                .   |   .                | 0.096805
10 -0.018912 -.04953 |                .  *|   .                | 0.096831
11 0.0025363 0.00664 |                .   |   .                | 0.097042
12 0.0074068 0.01940 |                .   |   .                | 0.097045
13 -0.027137 -.07108 |                .  *|   .                | 0.097078
14 0.0081595 0.02137 |                .   |   .                | 0.097510
15 -0.017902 -.04689 |                .  *|   .                | 0.097549
16 -0.019405 -.05082 |                .  *|   .                | 0.097737
17 -0.016913 -.04430 |                .  *|   .                | 0.097957
18 0.032057 0.08396 |                .   |** .                | 0.098124
19 -0.022652 -.05933 |                .  *|   .                | 0.098721
20 -0.015346 -.04019 |                .  *|   .                | 0.099017
21 0.032200 0.08433 |                .   |** .                | 0.099153
22 -0.030472 -.07981 |                . **|   .                | 0.099749
23 0.027848 0.07294 |                .   |*  .                | 0.100280
24 -0.0070677 -.01851 |                .   |   .                | 0.100721

"." marks two standard errors


Inverse Autocorrelations
Lag Correlation -1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
1 -0.09458 |                . **|   .                |
2 -0.02299 |                .   |   .                |
3 0.24595 |                .   |*****               |
4 0.00212 |                .   |   .                |
5 0.02106 |                .   |   .                |
6 0.16029 |                .   |***.                |
7 0.02595 |                .   |*  .                |
8 0.15590 |                .   |***.                |
9 0.03375 |                .   |*  .                |
10 0.05794 |                .   |*  .                |
11 0.06435 |                .   |*  .                |
12 -0.00941 |                .   |   .                |
13 0.11065 |                .   |** .                |
14 0.04643 |                .   |*  .                |
15 -0.03445 |                .  *|   .                |
16 0.16172 |                .   |***.                |
17 0.03305 |                .   |*  .                |
18 -0.10844 |                . **|   .                |
19 0.14039 |                .   |***.                |
20 0.03734 |                .   |*  .                |
21 -0.09347 |                . **|   .                |
22 0.12104 |                .   |** .                |
23 -0.02910 |                .  *|   .                |
24 0.00408 |                .   |   .                |

Partial Autocorrelations
Lag Correlation -1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
1 0.07375 |                .   |*  .                |
2 0.04689 |                .   |*  .                |
3 -0.12551 |                .***|   .                |
4 -0.01385 |                .   |   .                |
5 0.03138 |                .   |*  .                |
6 -0.12377 |                . **|   .                |
7 -0.01340 |                .   |   .                |
8 -0.15064 |                .***|   .                |
9 0.01612 |                .   |   .                |
10 -0.04849 |                .  *|   .                |
11 -0.02590 |                .  *|   .                |
12 0.01183 |                .   |   .                |
13 -0.08754 |                . **|   .                |
14 -0.00832 |                .   |   .                |
15 -0.04108 |                .  *|   .                |
16 -0.10794 |                . **|   .                |
17 -0.03293 |                .  *|   .                |
18 0.07620 |                .   |** .                |
19 -0.12029 |                . **|   .                |
20 -0.05161 |                .  *|   .                |
21 0.09100 |                .   |** .                |
22 -0.13826 |                .***|   .                |
23 0.03377 |                .   |*  .                |
24 -0.00487 |                .   |   .                |

Autocorrelation Check for White Noise
To Lag Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq Autocorrelations
6 4.28 6 0.6386 0.074 0.052 -0.117 -0.029 0.014 -0.105
12 8.40 12 0.7535 -0.022 -0.167 0.017 -0.050 0.007 0.019
18 11.11 18 0.8896 -0.071 0.021 -0.047 -0.051 -0.044 0.084
24 14.72 24 0.9288 -0.059 -0.040 0.084 -0.080 0.073 -0.019



Regression with One Covariate
Residual Plots for Linear Regression

                            Plot of residuals*x.  Symbol used is '*'.                             
                                                                                                  
residuals ‚                                                                                       
          ‚                                                                                       
      1.5 ˆ                                                                                       
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      1.0 ˆ                 *   *   *   *                                                         
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      0.5 ˆ                             *   *   *   *       *       *   *       *   *             
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          ‚                 *           *       *   *   *   *               *       *           * 
          ‚                     *   *   *               *       *                           *     
      0.0 ˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ*ƒƒƒ*ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ*ƒƒƒ*ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ*ƒƒƒ*ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ*ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ
          ‚                 *   *           *       *   *   *                           *         
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     -0.5 ˆ                 *       *   *           *                                             
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     -1.0 ˆ                 *                               *   *                                 
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     -1.5 ˆ                                                                                       
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     -2.0 ˆ                                                                                       
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     -2.5 ˆ                                                                                       
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     -3.0 ˆ                                                                                       
          ‚                                                                                       
          Šƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒƒƒˆƒ
           14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35 
                                                                                                  
                                               ACT Test Score                                     
                                                                                                  
NOTE: 28 obs hidden.                                                                              



Regression with One Covariate
Residual Plots for Linear Regression

                        Plot of standres*prediction.  Symbol used is '*'.                         
                                                                                                  
             2 ˆ      *                                                                           
               ‚                                                                                  
               ‚                 *    *                                                           
               ‚                    *    *                                                        
               ‚                                 *  *    *  *                                     
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             1 ˆ           *                  *             *                                     
               ‚                              *  *     *    *  *    *  *                          
               ‚                      *  *  *       *    *  *     *                               
               ‚                                 *  *       *     *    *                          
               ‚                 *    *  *    *        * *             *       *                  
               ‚                    * *  *          *  * *                  *                     
             0 ˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ*ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ*ƒƒ*ƒƒƒƒƒ*ƒ*ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ*ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ       
               ‚                 *  * *  *  *    *  *  *                  *                       
               ‚                                    *  * *  *                                     
      standres ‚                 *            *     *    *  *       *                             
               ‚           *             *  *    *                     *                          
               ‚                 *    *  *       *                                                
            -1 ˆ                      *                           *                               
               ‚         *            *                                                           
               ‚                      *                *    *                                     
               ‚           *                             *                                        
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            -2 ˆ                 *                  *                                             
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            -3 ˆ                                                    *                             
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            -4 ˆ                                                                                  
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               ‚                                               *                                  
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            -5 ˆ                                                                                  
               Šƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒ       
                 2.6           2.8           3.0           3.2           3.4           3.6        
                                                                                                  
                                                prediction                                        
                                                                                                  
NOTE: 19 obs hidden.                                                                              



Plot of standres by prediction



Regression with One Covariate
Residual Plots with Possible Outliers (ID)

The REG Procedure
Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: y Freshman year GPA

Number of Observations Read 120
Number of Observations Used 120

Analysis of Variance
Source DF Sum of
Squares
Mean
Square
F Value Pr > F
Model 1 3.58785 3.58785 9.24 0.0029
Error 118 45.81761 0.38828    
Corrected Total 119 49.40545      

Root MSE 0.62313 R-Square 0.0726
Dependent Mean 3.07405 Adj R-Sq 0.0648
Coeff Var 20.27049    

Parameter Estimates
Variable Label DF Parameter
Estimate
Standard
Error
t Value Pr > |t|
Intercept Intercept 1 2.11405 0.32089 6.59 <.0001
x ACT Test Score 1 0.03883 0.01277 3.04 0.0029



Regression with One Covariate
Residual Plots with Possible Outliers (ID)

The REG Procedure
Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: y Freshman year GPA

Test of First and Second
Moment Specification
DF Chi-Square Pr > ChiSq
2 3.05 0.2181

Durbin-Watson D 1.831
Number of Observations 120
1st Order Autocorrelation 0.074



Regression with One Covariate
Checking the normality of the residuals
Normal Probability Plot

The UNIVARIATE Procedure
Variable: residuals

Moments
N 120 Sum Weights 120
Mean 0 Sum Observations 0
Std Deviation 0.62050134 Variance 0.38502191
Skewness -1.0067279 Kurtosis 2.50187662
Uncorrected SS 45.8176078 Corrected SS 45.8176078
Coeff Variation . Std Error Mean 0.05664376

Basic Statistical Measures
Location Variability
Mean 0.000000 Std Deviation 0.62050
Median 0.040618 Variance 0.38502
Mode . Range 3.96741
    Interquartile Range 0.78962

Tests for Location: Mu0=0
Test Statistic p Value
Student's t t 0 Pr > |t| 1.0000
Sign M 3 Pr >= |M| 0.6483
Signed Rank S 258 Pr >= |S| 0.5015

Tests for Normality
Test Statistic p Value
Shapiro-Wilk W 0.952486 Pr < W 0.0003
Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.057757 Pr > D >0.1500
Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.105205 Pr > W-Sq 0.0963
Anderson-Darling A-Sq 0.771412 Pr > A-Sq 0.0450

Quantiles (Definition 5)
Quantile Estimate
100% Max 1.2273709
99% 0.9944082
95% 0.8411861
90% 0.7317047
75% Q3 0.4440132
50% Median 0.0406183
25% Q1 -0.3456104
10% -0.7769003
5% -1.0896224
1% -1.8316902
0% Min -2.7400360

Extreme Observations
Lowest Highest
Value Obs Value Obs
-2.74004 9 0.956235 89
-1.83169 115 0.967581 1
-1.24373 101 0.993062 50
-1.22994 102 0.994408 116
-1.17104 45 1.227371 2



Regression with One Covariate
Checking the normality of the residuals
Normal Probability Plot

The UNIVARIATE Procedure
Variable: standres

Moments
N 120 Sum Weights 120
Mean -0.0001906 Sum Observations -0.0228764
Std Deviation 1.00535979 Variance 1.0107483
Skewness -1.0029479 Kurtosis 2.49686152
Uncorrected SS 120.279053 Corrected SS 120.279048
Coeff Variation -527369.28 Std Error Mean 0.09177637

Basic Statistical Measures
Location Variability
Mean -0.00019 Std Deviation 1.00536
Median 0.06567 Variance 1.01075
Mode . Range 6.46088
    Interquartile Range 1.28048

Tests for Location: Mu0=0
Test Statistic p Value
Student's t t -0.00208 Pr > |t| 0.9983
Sign M 3 Pr >= |M| 0.6483
Signed Rank S 259 Pr >= |S| 0.4999

Tests for Normality
Test Statistic p Value
Shapiro-Wilk W 0.952944 Pr < W 0.0004
Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.058364 Pr > D >0.1500
Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.106201 Pr > W-Sq 0.0940
Anderson-Darling A-Sq 0.775026 Pr > A-Sq 0.0442

Quantiles (Definition 5)
Quantile Estimate
100% Max 2.027999
99% 1.615921
95% 1.355694
90% 1.181628
75% Q3 0.716125
50% Median 0.065673
25% Q1 -0.564357
10% -1.256409
5% -1.763987
1% -2.976785
0% Min -4.432883

Extreme Observations
Lowest Highest
Value Obs Value Obs
-4.43288 9 1.55183 89
-2.97678 115 1.56390 1
-2.00435 101 1.61017 116
-2.00137 102 1.61592 50
-1.89452 45 2.02800 2



The UNIVARIATE Procedure
Variable: standres

Probability Plot for standres



Regression with One Covariate
Checking the normality of the residuals
Normal Quantile-Quantile plot of standardized residuals

The CAPABILITY Procedure
Variable: standres

Moments
N 120 Sum Weights 120
Mean -0.0001906 Sum Observations -0.0228764
Std Deviation 1.00535979 Variance 1.0107483
Skewness -1.0029479 Kurtosis 2.49686152
Uncorrected SS 120.279053 Corrected SS 120.279048
Coeff Variation -527369.28 Std Error Mean 0.09177637

Basic Statistical Measures
Location Variability
Mean -0.00019 Std Deviation 1.00536
Median 0.06567 Variance 1.01075
Mode . Range 6.46088
    Interquartile Range 1.28048

Tests for Location: Mu0=0
Test Statistic p Value
Student's t t -0.00208 Pr > |t| 0.9983
Sign M 3 Pr >= |M| 0.6483
Signed Rank S 259 Pr >= |S| 0.4999

Quantiles (Definition 5)
Quantile Estimate
100% Max 2.0279985875
99% 1.6159205146
95% 1.3556939773
90% 1.1816279818
75% Q3 0.7161248616
50% Median 0.0656729755
25% Q1 -0.5643567808
10% -1.2564091850
5% -1.7639874051
1% -2.9767845318
0% Min -4.4328828226

Extreme Observations
Lowest Highest
Value Obs Value Obs
-4.43288282 9 1.55182758 89
-2.97678453 115 1.56390270 1
-2.00435259 101 1.61016558 116
-2.00136597 102 1.61592051 50
-1.89452448 45 2.02799859 2



Q-Q plot for standres



Regression with One Covariate
Regression Analysis with Diagnostic Plots in REG

The REG Procedure
Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: y Freshman year GPA

Number of Observations Read 120
Number of Observations Used 120

Analysis of Variance
Source DF Sum of
Squares
Mean
Square
F Value Pr > F
Model 1 3.58785 3.58785 9.24 0.0029
Error 118 45.81761 0.38828    
Corrected Total 119 49.40545      

Root MSE 0.62313 R-Square 0.0726
Dependent Mean 3.07405 Adj R-Sq 0.0648
Coeff Var 20.27049    

Parameter Estimates
Variable Label DF Parameter
Estimate
Standard
Error
t Value Pr > |t|
Intercept Intercept 1 2.11405 0.32089 6.59 <.0001
x ACT Test Score 1 0.03883 0.01277 3.04 0.0029



Regression with One Covariate
Regression Analysis with Diagnostic Plots in REG

The REG Procedure
Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: y Freshman year GPA

Output Statistics
Obs Dependent
Variable
Predicted
Value
Std Error
Mean Predict
Residual Std Error
Residual
Student
Residual
  -2-1 0 1 2 Cook's
D
1 3.8970 2.9294 0.0742 0.9676 0.619 1.564 |      |***   | 0.018
2 3.8850 2.6576 0.1483 1.2274 0.605 2.028 |      |****  | 0.124
3 3.7780 3.2012 0.0706 0.5768 0.619 0.932 |      |*     | 0.006
4 2.5400 2.9682 0.0667 -0.4282 0.620 -0.691 |     *|      | 0.003
5 3.0280 2.9294 0.0742 0.0986 0.619 0.159 |      |      | 0.000
6 3.8650 3.3177 0.0983 0.5473 0.615 0.889 |      |*     | 0.010
7 2.9620 3.3565 0.1090 -0.3945 0.614 -0.643 |     *|      | 0.007
8 3.9610 3.1624 0.0639 0.7986 0.620 1.288 |      |**    | 0.009
9 0.5000 3.2400 0.0789 -2.7400 0.618 -4.433 |******|      | 0.160
10 3.1780 3.1236 0.0592 0.0544 0.620 0.0878 |      |      | 0.000
11 3.3100 3.0459 0.0576 0.2641 0.620 0.426 |      |      | 0.001
12 3.5380 3.2789 0.0882 0.2591 0.617 0.420 |      |      | 0.002
13 3.0830 3.0459 0.0576 0.0371 0.620 0.0598 |      |      | 0.000
14 3.0130 3.0459 0.0576 -0.0329 0.620 -0.0530 |      |      | 0.000
15 3.2450 3.3953 0.1200 -0.1503 0.611 -0.246 |      |      | 0.001
16 2.9630 3.1624 0.0639 -0.1994 0.620 -0.322 |      |      | 0.001
17 3.5220 3.0847 0.0570 0.4373 0.621 0.705 |      |*     | 0.002
18 3.0130 3.3177 0.0983 -0.3047 0.615 -0.495 |      |      | 0.003
19 2.9470 3.0847 0.0570 -0.1377 0.621 -0.222 |      |      | 0.000
20 2.1180 2.8906 0.0829 -0.7726 0.618 -1.251 |    **|      | 0.014
21 2.5630 3.0459 0.0576 -0.4829 0.620 -0.778 |     *|      | 0.003
22 3.3570 2.9294 0.0742 0.4276 0.619 0.691 |      |*     | 0.003
23 3.7310 3.2012 0.0706 0.5298 0.619 0.856 |      |*     | 0.005
24 3.9250 3.1624 0.0639 0.7626 0.620 1.230 |      |**    | 0.008
25 3.5560 3.2012 0.0706 0.3548 0.619 0.573 |      |*     | 0.002
26 3.1010 3.1236 0.0592 -0.0226 0.620 -0.0364 |      |      | 0.000
27 2.4200 3.2012 0.0706 -0.7812 0.619 -1.262 |    **|      | 0.010
28 2.5790 2.9682 0.0667 -0.3892 0.620 -0.628 |     *|      | 0.002
29 3.8710 3.1236 0.0592 0.7474 0.620 1.205 |      |**    | 0.007
30 3.0600 2.9294 0.0742 0.1306 0.619 0.211 |      |      | 0.000
31 3.9270 3.0847 0.0570 0.8423 0.621 1.357 |      |**    | 0.008
32 2.3750 2.7353 0.1251 -0.3603 0.610 -0.590 |     *|      | 0.007
33 2.9290 3.2012 0.0706 -0.2722 0.619 -0.440 |      |      | 0.001
34 3.3750 3.1236 0.0592 0.2514 0.620 0.405 |      |      | 0.001
35 2.8570 2.9682 0.0667 -0.1112 0.620 -0.180 |      |      | 0.000
36 3.0720 3.0459 0.0576 0.0261 0.620 0.0421 |      |      | 0.000
37 3.3810 2.9294 0.0742 0.4516 0.619 0.730 |      |*     | 0.004
38 3.2900 3.2789 0.0882 0.0111 0.617 0.0181 |      |      | 0.000
39 3.5490 3.1624 0.0639 0.3866 0.620 0.624 |      |*     | 0.002
40 3.6460 3.1236 0.0592 0.5224 0.620 0.842 |      |*     | 0.003
41 2.9780 3.1236 0.0592 -0.1456 0.620 -0.235 |      |      | 0.000
42 2.6540 3.2789 0.0882 -0.6249 0.617 -1.013 |    **|      | 0.010
43 2.5400 3.0459 0.0576 -0.5059 0.620 -0.815 |     *|      | 0.003
44 2.2500 3.1236 0.0592 -0.8736 0.620 -1.408 |    **|      | 0.009
45 2.0690 3.2400 0.0789 -1.1710 0.618 -1.895 |   ***|      | 0.029
46 2.6170 3.0459 0.0576 -0.4289 0.620 -0.691 |     *|      | 0.002
47 2.1830 3.3177 0.0983 -1.1347 0.615 -1.844 |   ***|      | 0.043
48 2.0000 2.6965 0.1366 -0.6965 0.608 -1.146 |    **|      | 0.033
49 2.9520 2.8518 0.0926 0.1002 0.616 0.163 |      |      | 0.000
50 3.8060 2.8129 0.1030 0.9931 0.615 1.616 |      |***   | 0.037
51 2.8710 3.1624 0.0639 -0.2914 0.620 -0.470 |      |      | 0.001
52 3.3520 2.7353 0.1251 0.6167 0.610 1.010 |      |**    | 0.021
53 3.3050 3.1624 0.0639 0.1426 0.620 0.230 |      |      | 0.000
54 2.9520 3.1236 0.0592 -0.1716 0.620 -0.277 |      |      | 0.000
55 3.5470 3.0459 0.0576 0.5011 0.620 0.808 |      |*     | 0.003
56 3.6910 3.2789 0.0882 0.4121 0.617 0.668 |      |*     | 0.005
57 3.1600 2.9294 0.0742 0.2306 0.619 0.373 |      |      | 0.001
58 2.1940 2.8906 0.0829 -0.6966 0.618 -1.128 |    **|      | 0.011
59 3.3230 3.2789 0.0882 0.0441 0.617 0.0716 |      |      | 0.000
60 3.9360 3.2400 0.0789 0.6960 0.618 1.126 |      |**    | 0.010
61 2.9220 3.0847 0.0570 -0.1627 0.621 -0.262 |      |      | 0.000
62 2.7160 3.0071 0.0610 -0.2911 0.620 -0.469 |      |      | 0.001
63 3.3700 3.0847 0.0570 0.2853 0.621 0.460 |      |      | 0.001
64 3.6060 3.0071 0.0610 0.5989 0.620 0.966 |      |*     | 0.005
65 2.6420 3.2789 0.0882 -0.6369 0.617 -1.032 |    **|      | 0.011
66 2.4520 2.9294 0.0742 -0.4774 0.619 -0.772 |     *|      | 0.004
67 2.6550 3.0459 0.0576 -0.3909 0.620 -0.630 |     *|      | 0.002
68 3.7140 3.3565 0.1090 0.3575 0.614 0.583 |      |*     | 0.005
69 1.8060 2.8129 0.1030 -1.0069 0.615 -1.638 |   ***|      | 0.038
70 3.5160 3.0071 0.0610 0.5089 0.620 0.821 |      |*     | 0.003
71 3.0390 2.8906 0.0829 0.1484 0.618 0.240 |      |      | 0.001
72 2.9660 3.0071 0.0610 -0.0411 0.620 -0.0662 |      |      | 0.000
73 2.4820 2.8129 0.1030 -0.3309 0.615 -0.539 |     *|      | 0.004
74 2.7000 2.8129 0.1030 -0.1129 0.615 -0.184 |      |      | 0.000
75 3.9200 3.2400 0.0789 0.6800 0.618 1.100 |      |**    | 0.010
76 2.8340 2.8906 0.0829 -0.0566 0.618 -0.0916 |      |      | 0.000
77 3.2220 3.0071 0.0610 0.2149 0.620 0.347 |      |      | 0.001
78 3.0840 3.1236 0.0592 -0.0396 0.620 -0.0638 |      |      | 0.000
79 4.0000 3.2012 0.0706 0.7988 0.619 1.290 |      |**    | 0.011
80 3.5110 3.4342 0.1314 0.0768 0.609 0.126 |      |      | 0.000
81 3.3230 2.8906 0.0829 0.4324 0.618 0.700 |      |*     | 0.004
82 3.0720 2.8906 0.0829 0.1814 0.618 0.294 |      |      | 0.001
83 2.0790 3.1236 0.0592 -1.0446 0.620 -1.684 |   ***|      | 0.013
84 3.8750 3.3565 0.1090 0.5185 0.614 0.845 |      |*     | 0.011
85 3.2080 3.0847 0.0570 0.1233 0.621 0.199 |      |      | 0.000
86 2.9200 3.1624 0.0639 -0.2424 0.620 -0.391 |      |      | 0.001
87 3.3450 3.1624 0.0639 0.1826 0.620 0.295 |      |      | 0.000
88 3.9560 3.2400 0.0789 0.7160 0.618 1.158 |      |**    | 0.011
89 3.8080 2.8518 0.0926 0.9562 0.616 1.552 |      |***   | 0.027
90 2.5060 2.9294 0.0742 -0.4234 0.619 -0.684 |     *|      | 0.003
91 3.8860 3.0459 0.0576 0.8401 0.620 1.354 |      |**    | 0.008
92 2.1830 3.1624 0.0639 -0.9794 0.620 -1.580 |   ***|      | 0.013
93 3.4290 3.0847 0.0570 0.3443 0.621 0.555 |      |*     | 0.001
94 3.0240 2.8129 0.1030 0.2111 0.615 0.343 |      |      | 0.002
95 3.7500 3.2400 0.0789 0.5100 0.618 0.825 |      |*     | 0.006
96 3.8330 3.0459 0.0576 0.7871 0.620 1.269 |      |**    | 0.007
97 3.1130 3.1624 0.0639 -0.0494 0.620 -0.0797 |      |      | 0.000
98 2.8750 2.9294 0.0742 -0.0544 0.619 -0.0880 |      |      | 0.000
99 2.7470 2.8518 0.0926 -0.1048 0.616 -0.170 |      |      | 0.000
100 2.3110 2.8129 0.1030 -0.5019 0.615 -0.817 |     *|      | 0.009
101 1.8410 3.0847 0.0570 -1.2437 0.621 -2.004 |  ****|      | 0.017
102 1.5830 2.8129 0.1030 -1.2299 0.615 -2.001 |  ****|      | 0.056
103 2.8790 2.8906 0.0829 -0.0116 0.618 -0.0188 |      |      | 0.000
104 3.5910 3.3565 0.1090 0.2345 0.614 0.382 |      |      | 0.002
105 2.9140 3.0459 0.0576 -0.1319 0.620 -0.213 |      |      | 0.000
106 3.7160 3.4730 0.1430 0.2430 0.606 0.401 |      |      | 0.004
107 2.8000 3.0847 0.0570 -0.2847 0.621 -0.459 |      |      | 0.001
108 3.6210 3.2012 0.0706 0.4198 0.619 0.678 |      |*     | 0.003
109 3.7920 3.2012 0.0706 0.5908 0.619 0.954 |      |*     | 0.006
110 2.8670 3.0847 0.0570 -0.2177 0.621 -0.351 |      |      | 0.001
111 3.4190 2.9682 0.0667 0.4508 0.620 0.728 |      |*     | 0.003
112 3.6000 3.2789 0.0882 0.3211 0.617 0.521 |      |*     | 0.003
113 2.3940 2.8906 0.0829 -0.4966 0.618 -0.804 |     *|      | 0.006
114 2.2860 2.8906 0.0829 -0.6046 0.618 -0.979 |     *|      | 0.009
115 1.4860 3.3177 0.0983 -1.8317 0.615 -2.977 | *****|      | 0.113
116 3.8850 2.8906 0.0829 0.9944 0.618 1.610 |      |***   | 0.023
117 3.8000 3.2400 0.0789 0.5600 0.618 0.906 |      |*     | 0.007
118 3.9140 3.2012 0.0706 0.7128 0.619 1.151 |      |**    | 0.009
119 1.8600 2.7353 0.1251 -0.8753 0.610 -1.434 |    **|      | 0.043
120 2.9480 3.2012 0.0706 -0.2532 0.619 -0.409 |      |      | 0.001

Sum of Residuals 0
Sum of Squared Residuals 45.81761
Predicted Residual SS (PRESS) 47.61035



The REG Procedure

Plot of y vs x



The REG Procedure

Plot of RESIDUAL vs PRED



The REG Procedure

Plot of NPP vs STUDENT



The REG Procedure

Plot of STUDENT vs NQQ